


	More Testimonials >

Visit my blog for free daily Cisco CCNA and CCNP certification questions, my latest free articles and tutorials, and more!

CCNP SWITCH Exam Tutorial:

BPDU Skew Detection For The 642-813 Exam

By Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Okay, I know what you're thinking...

"What the heck is a BPDU Skew, and why do I want to detect it?"

Great question! Now here's a great answer...

There is no "BPDU Skew".

Really.

And now I really know what you're thinking...

"Well, then, Mr. Know-It-All, how can we detect something that doesn't exist?"

Before you think I'm insane, read the following.

What we're trying to detect are BPDUs that are not being relayed throughout the network as quickly as they should be.

The root bridge is the only switch that's sending original BPDUs; the non-root switches relay that BPDU down the STP tree. This should happen quickly throughout the network, since the root bridge will be sending a BPDU every two seconds by default ("hello time"), and the switches should relay the BDPUs fast enough so every switch is seeing a BPDU every two seconds.

That's in a perfect world, though, and there are plenty of imperfect networks out there! You may have a busy switch that can't spare the CPU to relay the BDPU quickly, or a BPDU may just simply be lost in transmission.

That two-second hello time value doesn't give the switches much leeway, but we don't want the STP topology recalculated unnecessarily either.

BDPU Skew Detection is strictly a notification feature. Skew Detection will not take action to prevent STP recalculation when BDPUs are not being relayed quickly enough by the switches, but it will send a syslog message informing the network administrator of the problem.

The amount of time between when the BDPU should have arrived and when it did arrive is referred to as skew time or BPDU latency.

A busy CPU could quickly find itself overwhelmed if it had to send a syslog message for every BPDU delivery that's skewed. The syslog messages will be limited to one every 60 seconds, unless the skew time is at a critical level.

In that case, the syslog message will be sent immediately with no one-per-minute limit. By default, BPDU Skew Detection defines critical as any value greater than 1/2 of the MaxAge value, making the default critical skew time anything over 10 seconds.

So it may have a funny name, but for our switching network to work properly, it's something we have to consider.

For dozens of additional videos, practice exams, and tutorials for the three CCNP exams, just follow these links ...

CCNP ROUTE 640-902 Exam Training

CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Exam Training

CCNP TSHOOT 642-832 Exam Training

... and follow these links for a free HOUR of CCNP Video Boot Camp training for each and every CCNP exam!

Each of these pages now includes a full course outline and one full hour of free CCNP Video Boot Camp training - just click on your exam and you're on your way to success!

CCNP SWITCH DVD

CCNP TSHOOT DVD

CCNP ROUTE DVD

CCNP Video Boot Camp Bundle (50 hours of training!)

Here's a complete course outline for each CCNP DVD -- click on the first two lessons in any of the courses to watch for free!

______________________________________________________

My CCNP SWITCH, CCNP ROUTE, and CCNP TSHOOT Study Guides Are Here!

Printer Overrun Special!

Save $50 On My CCNP Study Guide Library --

... And I'll Still Pay For Shipping ...

While They Last!